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Pulse Width Modulators (PWM), page 4
PWM Circuits:  #-A     B-O     P     Q-Z

Last Updated on: Monday, October 03, 2011 06:07 PM


Circuits Designed by Dave Johnson, P.E. :
  • Reduced Power Relay Driver  Aug 3, 2008
    Relays can handle a lot of power.  However, for certain power sensitive designs you would like to reduce the power needed to hold a relay closed.  The circuit below performs such a task.  It uses a single CD4093 quad NAND gate.  When the “on” logic input signal is detected, the relay is first pulsed on for about 500ms.  This is sufficient time to insure the relay is fully closed.  After that initial pulse the relay is then driven with a square wave signal, whose duty cycle can be adjusted.  The signal duty cycle can be adjusted from about 10% to 90%.  In most cases a 50% duty cycle will hold the relay closed.  This reduces the average DC current required by the same factor, which means a 4:1 reduction in power. The circuit can operate over a wide 3v to 15v range.

Links to electronic circuits, electronic schematics, designs for engineers, hobbyists, students & inventors:
Reduced Power Relay Driver -  Relays can handle a lot of power.  However, for certain power sensitive designs you would like to reduce the power needed to hold a relay closed…. [Designed by David A. Johnson]
Reference Design for a Powered-Device (PD) Module Based on the MAX5941B PWM Controller  -  Maxim App Note 4192  -- 3/04/2008 --  (app note add 5/08) 
Reference Design for the Tas5110dad Digital Audio PWM Power Output Stage -  The true digital audio amplifiers (TDAA) system consists of a PCM–PWM modulator device and a PWM power output device. The PCM–PWM processor accepts a serial PCM digital audio stream and converts it to a 3.3-V PWM audio stream. The TDAA output stage provides a large-signal PWM output. The digital PWM signal....(added 6/06)
Servo Pulse to PWM -  converter connects an H-Bridge to radio control receivers or robotic circuits. (added 1/05)

Simple circuit allows long PWM soft-starts -  1-Feb-07 Issue of EDN  Enhance timing accuracy of a switching regulator's start-up ramp.... [Design Idea by Robert N Buono, Aeolian Audio LLC, Bloomfield, NJ; Edited by Brad Thompson and Fran Granville]
Simple Circuit for Driving MicroController Friendly PWM Generators -  Microchip Application Note Published 27-Jun-05  (app note added 2/06)
Simple circuit provides efficient PWM -  02/18/99 Issue of EDN  You often need to control the duty cycle of a square wave. The circuit in Figure 1 works from a single 5V supply at a frequency of 100 kHz. With minor component changes, you can configure it for a range of frequencies. The circuit consists of a ramp (sawtooth]oscillator....Page includes several designs.  Scroll to find this one.... [Design Idea by Kenneth Levine, Eldec, Lynwood, WA]
Simple DC Motor PWM speed control -  ….(electronic schematic added 08/08)
Simple nanosecond width pulse generator provides high performance -  11-Nov-04 Issue of EDN  If you need to produce extremely fast pulses in response to an input and trigger, such as for sampling applications, the predictably programmable short-time-interval generator has broad uses. The circuit of Figure 1, built around a quad high-speed comparator and a high-speed gate, has settable 0- to 10-nsec output width with 520-psec, 5V transitions.... [Design Idea by Jim Williams, Linear Technology Corp]
Simple PWM ADC is Surprisingly Accurate -  06/09/94 EDN-Design Ideas....The reference voltage in Fig 1a's simple rail-to-rail PWM ADC is the only critical component. The input-voltage range extends from ground to the power rail which also acts as the reference. The circuit is essentially a variation on the classic dual-slope integrator,.... [Design Idea by Mike Walne, Farnell Instruments, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, UK]
Speed Error in PWM Fan Control Systems TC646, TC647, TC649 -  Microchip Application Note Published 27-Jul-04  (app note added 2/06)
Spice Model & PWM Amplifier Applications Apex-AN33 -  Apex App Note....

Square-wave modulator has variable frequency and pulse width -  8-Aug-02 Issue of EDN  A few years ago, I worked at a disk-drive company. We had a plating facility that required square waves to drive the high-voltage plating operation. The challenge was that the square wave's pulse width had to be variable, along with the duty cycle. Also, the amplitude of the pulses had to be adjustable.... [Design Idea by Michael Fisch, Agere Systems, Longmont, CO]
Stability & Biasing for PWM Amplifiers Apex-AN41 -  Apex App Note....
Suppressing Acoustic Noise in PWM Fan Speed Control Systems -  Microchip Application Note Published 27-Jul-04  (app note added 2/06)
TB085: A Simple Circuit for Driving MicroController Friendly PWM Generators -  Microchip Application Note Published 27-Jun-05  (app note added 2/06)
TB093: Multiple PWM Output Soft-Start Controller -  Microchip Application Note Published 29-Nov-05  (app note added 2/06)
Timer with 555 -  Some useful circuits using the LM555 IC. Scroll to find the Timer with 555 circuit (11/06)
Transistor pair lowers PWM IC's start-up current -  03/18/99 Issue of EDN  An auxiliary winding usually provides power for the popular UC384X-based offline switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs].  This winding feeds the main PWM controller during steady-state operation. However, the controller always needs a small start-up current, which clearly plagues the efficiency in very low-power standby SMPSs with POUT =500 mW, for example. Any wasted source power, such....Page includes several designs.  Scroll to find this one.... [Design Idea by Christophe Basso, Motorola Semiconductor, Toulouse, France]
Unused port adds a PWM/analog channel to a microcontroller -  8-Oct-09 Issue of EDN  Take advantage of unused pins to generate a PWM signal and then filter it into analog.... [Design Idea by Vishwas Vaidya, Tata Motors Ltd, Pune, India]
with either an external negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor or a PIC microcontroller and its SMBus serial-data bus.... [Design Idea by Dimitri Danyuk, Niles Audio Corp; Edited by Brad Thompson and Fran Granville]
Using a Function Generator to Create Pulse Width Modulation PWM Waveforms -  Agilent Application Note  (added 6/06)
Using PWM to Generate Analog Output -  Microchip Application Note Published 26-Aug-97  (app note added 2/06)
Using the PWM -  Microchip Application Note Published 26-Aug-97  (app note added 2/06)
Variable Frequency PWM -  Schematic only, no circuit description included…. [Design adapted by Tony van Roon's circuit]
Variable Range PWM A/D for COP820CJ -  National Semiconductor Application Note  (app note added 2/06)
Variations on the PWM DC Motor Speed Control -  The diagrams are for 12V operation only and there are high side (common ground) and low side (common +12V) versions. The low side version is in fact, identical to the original circuit when wired for 12V operation. The low side version allows the use of higher power and more inexpensive N Channel FETs, whereas the high side version, which uses P Channel FETs is used where common ground load wiring is a requirement. [G. Forrest Cook]
Video Design Idea: Leverage PWM output and add a low-cost DAC to your system -  19-Jul-07 Issue of EDN  Bonnie Baker demonstrates a simple way to add DAC functionality to a microcontroller-based system using only an op amp and two passive components.... [Design Idea by Bonnie Baker, senior applications engineer at Texas Instruments and regular EDN columnist]
Wireless RF PWM Dual Motor Controller -  (circuit / schematic design added 6/06)


PWM Circuits:  #-A     B-O     P     Q-Z
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