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Reference Circuits

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Last Updated: June 02, 2021 01:44 PM



Links to electronic circuits, electronic schematics and designs for engineers, hobbyists, students & inventors:

12+ Volt Voltage Doubler -  This circuit was originally designed to operate a 15 volt regulator from an unregulated 12 volt AC adapter, but can be used for whenever you need more than 12 volts from a 12 volt supply.  i’m posting it because one reader built a 12 volt DC to AC converte __ Designed by Andrew R. Morris

16-bit adjustable reference uses 8-bit digital potentiometers -  12/25/03 EDN Design Ideas:  it may be easy to find a precision voltage reference for your application; however, a programmable precision reference is another matter.  The circuit in Figure 1 yields a precision reference with an LSB of 62.5 µV.  The circuit is a 16-bit DAC using three 8-bit digital potentiometers and three CMOS op amps Design by Bonnie Baker, Tucson, AZ

2 AA cells power step-down regulator -  01/07/99 EDN Design Ideas:  (Scroll to find this one) DC/DC conversion is particularly challenging when both the input and output voltages are low.  Step-up ICs  that operate with inputs lower than 1V are available, but step-down ICs  that accept input voltages   Page includes several designs.   Design by Len Sherman, Maxim Integrated Products, Sunnyvale, CA

5 Watt Universal Input Dual Output Isolated TNY266 -  This design kit is a 9 V, 0.33 A, 3 W output and universal input power supply utilizing the TNY264P.  For evaluation, a fully built and tested prototype (EP14) can be found within the Design Accelerator Kit, DAK-14.  __ 

775 Nanovolt Noise Measurement for A Low Noise Voltage Reference -  Linear Technology AN124 __ Designed by Jim Williams - Jul 3rd, 2009

AC line powers microcontroller-based fan-speed regulator -  9-Nov-06 EDN Design Ideas:  A microcontroller requires dc operating power in the 2 to 5.5V range, an amount that a battery or a secondary power source can easily supply.  However, in certain situations, a microcontroller-based product must operate directly from a 120 or 220V-ac power outlet without a step-down transformer or a heat-producing, voltage-decreasing resistor. Design by Richard McGillivray, Grey Bruce Regional Health Centre, Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada

ADC's Reference Improves RTD Measurements -  10/27/94 EDN Design Ideas:  Temperature measurements using RTDs (resistance-temperature detectors]generally employ bridge circuits with stable power supplies for signal conditioning.  Unfortunately, this scheme generally produces nonlinear outputs.  A linear b Design by Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchirapalli, India

Add a signal-strength display to an FM receiver IC -  09/05/02  EDN Design Ideas:  The Philips (www.  semiconductors.  philips.  co) TDA7000 integrates a monaural FM-radio receiver from the antenna connection to the audio output.  External components include one tunable LC circuit for the local oscillator, a few capacito Design by José Miguel-López, RF Center Ltd, Barcelona, Spain

Add an auxiliary voltage to a buck regulator -  31-Oct-02 EDN Design Ideas:  You often need more than one regulated output voltage in a system.  A frequently used and reasonably simple way to create this auxiliary output voltage is to add a second winding to the output inductor, creating a coupled inductor or a transformer, followed by a diode to rectify (peak-detect] this output voltage Design by John Betten, Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX

Buck Regulator Operates Without a Dedicated Clock -  08/21/03 EDN Design Ideas:  Most switching regulators rely on a dedicated clock oscillator to determine the switching frequency of operation.  A dedicated oscillator circuit within the power controller usually generates the clock signal.  A class of hysteretic switching regulators can actually operate at a relatively fixed frequency without a clock, even with changing input-line and output-loading conditions Design by Robert Bell, National Semiconductor, Phoenix, AZ

Buck Regulator Terminates Fast Data Buses -  07/20/95 EDN Design Ideas:  The limitations of 5 and 3.3V CMOS buses are spurring the development of high-speed, low-voltage buses for the next generation of computers.  These buses, such as Futurebus and Rambus, require low-voltage supply rails to reduce signal-voltage swings.  Other buses, such as CTT (center-terminated transceiver) and HSTL (high-speed transceiver logic) , have center termination and, therefore, require a power source that can sink current as well as source it Design by Bruce Moore, Maxim Integrated Products, Sunnyvale, CA

Buck Regulator Uses Step-Up Controller -  11/09/95 EDN Design Ideas:  The circuit in Fig 1uses a step-up (boost) DC/DC controller in a negative buck-regulator application.  The circuit’s function is to power the laser diode in an optical amplifier/booster unit, a job for which no commercial IC is available.  The anode of the laser diode connects to ground, so the supply voltage must be negative and must deliver 160 to 750 mA.  Although the boost-regulator IC operates in a buck-regulator circuit, its standard connections permit proper control of Q1.  However, you need an op amp Design by Massimo De Marco, Maxim Integrated Products Cusano Milanino, Italy

Buck-Boost Regulator Suits Battery Operation -  09/04/03  EDN Design Ideas:  A buck/boost converter can step a voltage up or down.  Such a converter is appropriate for battery-powered applications.  One application derives a regulated 14.1V at 1A from 12V solar panels with 9 to 18V variation.  in this type of b Design by Kahou Wong, On Semiconductor, Phoenix, AZ

Cheap pushbutton replaces rotary switch -  26-Oct-00 EDN Design Ideas:  The problem of setting any one of four modes of aµC-operated process has a straightforward solution  Have the µC check the states of some 4 bits of aµC.    Design by Abel Raynus, Armatron International Inc, Melrose, MA

Chopping Reduces Reference’s Supply Current -  04/10/97 EDN Design Ideas:  UPDATED LiNK!  The 10V precision reference, IC 3, in Figure 1 has temperature drift of approximately 0.6 ppm/�C and good long-term stability.  However, because of its zener-based design, this reference needs more than 4 mA of supply current.  To reduce this current, the circuit in Figure 1  supplies the reference with chopped power.  This scheme lowers the mean supply Design by Hartmut Henkel, von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, Schwetzingen, Germany

Circuit Measures Small Current in DC Servo Motor -  12/06/01 EDN Design Ideas:  The simple Circuit design in Figure 1 lets you measure all components of a current flowing in a dc servo motor.  The rectified output of the circuit uses ground as a reference, so you can measure the output by using a single-ended A/D converter.  The current-sense resistor, R1, has a value of 0.1Ω  Design by Shyam Tiwari

Circuit provides ADSL frequency reference -  05/25/00 EDN Design Ideas:  The discrete-multitone (DMT) frequencies that asymmetrical-digital-subscriber lines (ADSL) use are integral multiples of a common frequency, and the symbol period is the inverse of this frequency.  integration over the symbol period allows the sine and cosine orthogonal waveform products to vanish for all multiples of the common frequency except for those having the same frequency.    Design by Bert Erickson, Fayetteville, NY - May 25, 2000

Circuit provides reference for multiple ADCs -  24-Jan-02 EDN Design Ideas:  The achievable accuracy for systems with multiple ADCs depends directly on the reference voltages applied to the ADCs.  Medical-ultrasound-imaging systems, for example, commonly include a large number of ADCs in the system's beam-former electronics, with the ADCs usually organized in groups of 16, 24, 32, and so on Design by Ron Gatzke and Tanja Hofner, Maxim Integrated Products, Sunnyvale, CA

Circuit Uses Two Reference Voltages to Improve Hysteresis Accuracy -  7-Jan-10 EDN Design Ideas:  increase the hystereis of your comparator by switching between two reference voltages Design by Marián Stofka, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia

DAC Fine-Tunes Reference Output -  08/25/11  EDN Design Ideas:  Adding a DAC and op amp makes a precision adjustable reference.  Data converters must have a stable reference voltage to accurately measure or generate analog signals.  Such references offer many guaranteed levels of precision and stability.  Their variety of output-voltage levels is much smaller, which manufacturers specify as standard values, such as 2.048, 2.500, or 4.096V.  You sometimes need to dynamically calibrate the reference, fine-tune its output value, or generate a slightly different value.  For instance, when you measure a voltage with a resistive divider, you could adjust the reference voltage to compensate for an error in the divider Design by Fons Janssen, Maxim Integrated Products, Bilthoven, Netherlands

DC Voltage & Current Source -  A reference volatge and current source for testing data converter and analog amplifier.  A simple circuit built with Ti LinCMOS OpAmp, TLC254C provides multiple outputs: +2.5V, 0 to +2.5V and 0 to 250uA.  The circuit is operated with 9V battery. __ Designed by Wichit Sirichote

Digital potentiometer programs & stabilizes voltage reference -  05/30/02 EDN Design Ideas:  The potentiometer portion of a mixed-signal, digitally programmable potentiometer adds variability to an analog circuit, and its digital controls provide programmability.  You can use a digital potentiometer in two ways in an analog circuit.  You can use it as a two-terminal variable resistance, or rheostat, or as a three-terminal resistive divider Design by Chuck Wojslaw, Catalyst Semiconductor, Sunnyvale, CA

EPR-000014 9 V 0.33 a 3 W Tny264 Adapter -  This design kit is a 9 V, 0.33 A, 3 W output and universal input power supply utilizing the TNY264P.  For evaluation, a fully built and tested prototype (EP14) can be found within the Design Accelerator Kit, DAK-14.  __ 

Get buck-boost performance from a boost regulator -  07/11/02 EDN Design Ideas:  The SEPIC  (single-ended, primary-inductance-converter] topology is generally a good choice for voltage regulators that must produce an on output voltage that falls in the middle of the input-voltage range, such as a 5V output from a 2.7 to 6V input, The topology has some disadvantages, however.  The efficiency of a SEPIC  circuit fares worse than that of buck and boost regulators, and SEPIC  desig Design by Tom Gross, Linear Technology Corp, Milpitas, CA

linear voltage regulator with ultra Low drop -  The circuit is a MOSFET based linear voltage regulator with a voltage drop of as low as 60 mV at 1 ampere.  Drop of a fewer millivolts is possible with better MOSFETs having lower RDS (on) resistance.  The circuit in Fig.1 uses 15V-0-15V secondary __ Designed by Radio LocMan

LTC Design Note: Robust 10MHz reference clock input protection & distributor for RF systems -  07/31/14  LTC Design Notes: Design a protected 10MHz reference input without degrading phase noise. Design by Michel Azarian

Measure Small Current in DC Servo Motor -  12/06/01 EDN Design Ideas:  The simple Circuit design in Figure 1 lets you measure all components of a current flowing in a dc servo motor.  The rectified output of the circuit uses ground as a reference, so you can measure the output by using a single-ended A/D converter.  The current-sense resistor, R1, has a value of 0.1Ω  Design by Shyam Tiwari

Modulating a Reference Allows Maximum-Value Search for Phase Detection -  04/21/11  EDN Design Ideas:  Modulating a reference and target signal lets you find the maximum modulation based on modulation phase. Design by Chien-Hung Chen, Hui-Shun Huang, Jyi-Jinn Chang, and Tai-Shan Liao, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan

New Voltage References Are Smaller & More Precise -  DN145 Design Notes__ Linear Technology/Analog Devices

Obtain Higher Voltage From a Buck Regulator -  29-May-03 EDN Design Ideas:  Several semiconductor vendors'current-mode buck controllers have input-voltage ranges of 30 to 36V but have output-voltage ranges from the reference voltage to approximately 6V.  This output-voltage constraint arises from the common-mode-voltage limitation of the current-sense amplifier.  in real-world applications, the power-supply designer must be able to generate high output voltage for printe Design by Ajmal Godil


Reference:   #'s - O       P - Z


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